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	<title>Comments on: What does &#8220;cause&#8221; mean?</title>
	<atom:link href="http://shiftingphases.com/2012/09/28/what-does-cause-mean/feed/" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://shiftingphases.com/2012/09/28/what-does-cause-mean/</link>
	<description>troubleshooting learning</description>
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		<title>By: (Hard) Practice makes better &#124; Shifting Phases</title>
		<link>http://shiftingphases.com/2012/09/28/what-does-cause-mean/#comment-1321</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[(Hard) Practice makes better &#124; Shifting Phases]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Apr 2013 01:40:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://shiftingphases.com/?p=1978#comment-1321</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[[...] myself being really sad about the ways my students think about causality.  On one hand, I think my recent dissections of the topic are a prime example of &#8220;misconceptions listening&#8221; &#8212; [...]]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] myself being really sad about the ways my students think about causality.  On one hand, I think my recent dissections of the topic are a prime example of &#8220;misconceptions listening&#8221; &#8212; [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Causal Thinking: Different in biology vs. physics? &#171; Shifting Phases</title>
		<link>http://shiftingphases.com/2012/09/28/what-does-cause-mean/#comment-1073</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Causal Thinking: Different in biology vs. physics? &#171; Shifting Phases]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 27 Jan 2013 01:33:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://shiftingphases.com/?p=1978#comment-1073</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[[...] can I help students make causal thinking a habit?  I&#8217;ve written before about my struggles helping students &#8220;do cause&#8221; consistently, and distinguishing between &#8220;what made it happen&#8221; vs. &#8220;what made me think it [...]]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] can I help students make causal thinking a habit?  I&#8217;ve written before about my struggles helping students &#8220;do cause&#8221; consistently, and distinguishing between &#8220;what made it happen&#8221; vs. &#8220;what made me think it [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Growth-Mindset Resource Could Support Model-Building &#171; Shifting Phases</title>
		<link>http://shiftingphases.com/2012/09/28/what-does-cause-mean/#comment-1032</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Growth-Mindset Resource Could Support Model-Building &#171; Shifting Phases]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Jan 2013 00:38:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://shiftingphases.com/?p=1978#comment-1032</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[[...] year I found out in February that my students couldn&#8217;t consistently distinguish between a cause and a definition, and trying to promote that distinction while they were overloaded with circuit theory was just too [...]]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] year I found out in February that my students couldn&#8217;t consistently distinguish between a cause and a definition, and trying to promote that distinction while they were overloaded with circuit theory was just too [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Mylène</title>
		<link>http://shiftingphases.com/2012/09/28/what-does-cause-mean/#comment-936</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Mylène]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Sep 2012 01:43:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://shiftingphases.com/?p=1978#comment-936</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Thanks for the new words -- helpful.  I agree that these ideas can be generative -- I was frustrated with myself for not noticing that they were happening, and missing those opportunities.  I&#039;m a fan of anthropomorphising, myself... especially getting students to pretend to be electrons or compilers.  A mission for this year: notice this more often.

I also agree that my students don&#039;t actually think that things cause themselves -- although I do wonder what it means when they say &quot;that&#039;s just the way it is&quot;  (another mission for this year: find an opportunity to unpack that).  Although they probably don&#039;t think it, they sometimes act as though they think it.  It&#039;s something I&#039;m trying to get better at noticing and describing.

RE: making sense of mechanisms rather than focusing on definitions...  I don&#039;t have much patience for students memorizing definitions.  But I&#039;ve got lots of time for students doing the work of defining -- and it seems like it is part of the process of sense-making.  What is a description that has just the right scope to include all things we want to include, while also excluding all the things we want to exclude?  Do we even understand the mechanism well enough to attempt this?  When we try to define something and come up with competing definitions, how do we decide what else we need to research or measure in order to resolve the apparent contradiction?

Being able to do this means that we need a shared way to talk about &quot;the description that includes just the right things and excludes just the right things.&quot;  We also need to have some criteria against which to judge the goodness of a definition.  Working on it...

Glad to know I&#039;m not the only one noticing &quot;What caused you to believe that&quot; vs. &quot;What caused that to happen.&quot;  It&#039;s a pretty subtle distinction, so an interesting thing to explore.  One piece of good news about this: it&#039;s close in meaning to &quot;how does your conclusion follow from your premises,&quot; something I struggle to articulate to students, so finding a way that students already think that way could help us find some common ground.  

Spent some time exploring this with the second-year students this week (the same group I describe above), because it was tricky for them to articulate why they &lt;i&gt;considered&lt;/i&gt; open-loop gain to be a differential or common-mode gain, as opposed to why it &lt;i&gt;was&lt;/i&gt;.  Our (now-) shared vocabulary about causality allowed us to discuss that difference, so I guess I can lay off the booze...

Nice blog, by the way.  Liked the eyebrows :)]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks for the new words &#8212; helpful.  I agree that these ideas can be generative &#8212; I was frustrated with myself for not noticing that they were happening, and missing those opportunities.  I&#8217;m a fan of anthropomorphising, myself&#8230; especially getting students to pretend to be electrons or compilers.  A mission for this year: notice this more often.</p>
<p>I also agree that my students don&#8217;t actually think that things cause themselves &#8212; although I do wonder what it means when they say &#8220;that&#8217;s just the way it is&#8221;  (another mission for this year: find an opportunity to unpack that).  Although they probably don&#8217;t think it, they sometimes act as though they think it.  It&#8217;s something I&#8217;m trying to get better at noticing and describing.</p>
<p>RE: making sense of mechanisms rather than focusing on definitions&#8230;  I don&#8217;t have much patience for students memorizing definitions.  But I&#8217;ve got lots of time for students doing the work of defining &#8212; and it seems like it is part of the process of sense-making.  What is a description that has just the right scope to include all things we want to include, while also excluding all the things we want to exclude?  Do we even understand the mechanism well enough to attempt this?  When we try to define something and come up with competing definitions, how do we decide what else we need to research or measure in order to resolve the apparent contradiction?</p>
<p>Being able to do this means that we need a shared way to talk about &#8220;the description that includes just the right things and excludes just the right things.&#8221;  We also need to have some criteria against which to judge the goodness of a definition.  Working on it&#8230;</p>
<p>Glad to know I&#8217;m not the only one noticing &#8220;What caused you to believe that&#8221; vs. &#8220;What caused that to happen.&#8221;  It&#8217;s a pretty subtle distinction, so an interesting thing to explore.  One piece of good news about this: it&#8217;s close in meaning to &#8220;how does your conclusion follow from your premises,&#8221; something I struggle to articulate to students, so finding a way that students already think that way could help us find some common ground.  </p>
<p>Spent some time exploring this with the second-year students this week (the same group I describe above), because it was tricky for them to articulate why they <i>considered</i> open-loop gain to be a differential or common-mode gain, as opposed to why it <i>was</i>.  Our (now-) shared vocabulary about causality allowed us to discuss that difference, so I guess I can lay off the booze&#8230;</p>
<p>Nice blog, by the way.  Liked the eyebrows <img src='http://s0.wp.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_smile.gif' alt=':)' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
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		<title>By: Mylène</title>
		<link>http://shiftingphases.com/2012/09/28/what-does-cause-mean/#comment-935</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Mylène]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Sep 2012 01:06:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://shiftingphases.com/?p=1978#comment-935</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[*grin*  I&#039;m guessing you mean the &lt;a href=&quot;http://fy.chalmers.se/~f3aamp/teaching/wakalix.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;neologism Feynman coined&lt;/a&gt; to describe a thought process where &quot;there is no knowledge coming in,&quot; not the technique for &lt;a href=&quot;http://xenharmonic.wikispaces.com/Gallery+of+Wakalixes&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;mapping the mathematical relationships between just and equal tuning&lt;/a&gt;...

Maybe it is.  Is the wakalix &quot;cause&quot; or is it &quot;voltage&quot;?  (If it&#039;s both, does that make it a superwakalix?)  What disgusted me about the whole process was how long I was oblivious to it.

On the other hand, maybe it&#039;s not like a wakalix.  &quot;Cause&quot; didn&#039;t seem to be a placeholder for a nonsense syllable -- it had a small number of highly repeatable implications, notably &quot;definition,&quot; which I suspect is related to &quot;what caused you to decide that.&quot; (e.g. &quot;The definition of what voltage *is* caused me to decide that something did or did not fall into that category,&quot; which is a perfectly reasonable line of thinking).

Incidentally, you probably already know this, but Brian Frank &lt;a href=&quot;http://teachbrianteach.wordpress.com/2012/06/23/a-joke-but-not-really/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;tames wakalixes&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://teachbrianteach.wordpress.com/2011/09/24/todays-sarcasm-re-writing-the-intro-physics-book/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;takes them for walks&lt;/a&gt; on his blog.  They&#039;re quite friendly once you get to know them.]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>*grin*  I&#8217;m guessing you mean the <a href="http://fy.chalmers.se/~f3aamp/teaching/wakalix.html" rel="nofollow">neologism Feynman coined</a> to describe a thought process where &#8220;there is no knowledge coming in,&#8221; not the technique for <a href="http://xenharmonic.wikispaces.com/Gallery+of+Wakalixes" rel="nofollow">mapping the mathematical relationships between just and equal tuning</a>&#8230;</p>
<p>Maybe it is.  Is the wakalix &#8220;cause&#8221; or is it &#8220;voltage&#8221;?  (If it&#8217;s both, does that make it a superwakalix?)  What disgusted me about the whole process was how long I was oblivious to it.</p>
<p>On the other hand, maybe it&#8217;s not like a wakalix.  &#8220;Cause&#8221; didn&#8217;t seem to be a placeholder for a nonsense syllable &#8212; it had a small number of highly repeatable implications, notably &#8220;definition,&#8221; which I suspect is related to &#8220;what caused you to decide that.&#8221; (e.g. &#8220;The definition of what voltage *is* caused me to decide that something did or did not fall into that category,&#8221; which is a perfectly reasonable line of thinking).</p>
<p>Incidentally, you probably already know this, but Brian Frank <a href="http://teachbrianteach.wordpress.com/2012/06/23/a-joke-but-not-really/" rel="nofollow">tames wakalixes</a> and <a href="http://teachbrianteach.wordpress.com/2011/09/24/todays-sarcasm-re-writing-the-intro-physics-book/" rel="nofollow">takes them for walks</a> on his blog.  They&#8217;re quite friendly once you get to know them.</p>
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		<title>By: Luke</title>
		<link>http://shiftingphases.com/2012/09/28/what-does-cause-mean/#comment-934</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Luke]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 29 Sep 2012 00:51:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://shiftingphases.com/?p=1978#comment-934</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[wrt talking about objects as if they have agency/intentions/emotions: the philosopher Daniel Dannett calls it &quot;the intentional stance&quot;...educational psychologists have called it &quot;intentional causality&quot; and &quot;personification&quot; among other things.  At times it can be productive in science and science learning...for instance it can sometimes be a good shorthand, and unpacking that shorthand can lead to a useful line of inquiry: (e.g., how does the battery &#039;know&#039; to send out more current when the bulbs are in parallel).  It doesn&#039;t sound to me like your students were *really* thinking that voltage causes itself.  It does sound to me like they could have used some more time making sense of the mechanisms of what goes on in circuits rather than focusing on definitions &amp; equations...btw I have also noticed learners interpreting cause to mean &quot;what caused you to believe that&quot; instead of physical causation, even adults (even science teachers!)]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>wrt talking about objects as if they have agency/intentions/emotions: the philosopher Daniel Dannett calls it &#8220;the intentional stance&#8221;&#8230;educational psychologists have called it &#8220;intentional causality&#8221; and &#8220;personification&#8221; among other things.  At times it can be productive in science and science learning&#8230;for instance it can sometimes be a good shorthand, and unpacking that shorthand can lead to a useful line of inquiry: (e.g., how does the battery &#8216;know&#8217; to send out more current when the bulbs are in parallel).  It doesn&#8217;t sound to me like your students were *really* thinking that voltage causes itself.  It does sound to me like they could have used some more time making sense of the mechanisms of what goes on in circuits rather than focusing on definitions &amp; equations&#8230;btw I have also noticed learners interpreting cause to mean &#8220;what caused you to believe that&#8221; instead of physical causation, even adults (even science teachers!)</p>
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		<title>By: Jason Buell</title>
		<link>http://shiftingphases.com/2012/09/28/what-does-cause-mean/#comment-933</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Jason Buell]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 28 Sep 2012 23:12:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://shiftingphases.com/?p=1978#comment-933</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[wakalix! This post reminded me of the wakalix. (I&#039;m going to make you google that if you don&#039;t know what that is because it&#039;s reading)]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>wakalix! This post reminded me of the wakalix. (I&#8217;m going to make you google that if you don&#8217;t know what that is because it&#8217;s reading)</p>
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